Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are an integral part of bladder cancer therapy, however, the\nrelevance of ICI treatment for mixed and pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder remains poorly studied.\nTherefore, we analysed the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in urothelial carcinomas with\nsquamous differentiation (UC/SCC) and pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder and studied a UC/SCC\npatient with ICI therapy.\nMethods: Tissue microarrays of 45 UC/SCC and 63 SCC samples were immunohistochemically stained with four\nanti-PD-L1 antibodies (28â??8, 22C3, SP142 and SP263). PD-L1 expression was determined for tumour cells (TP-Score),\nimmune cells (IC-Score) and combined (CPS, combined positive score). In addition, we present clinical and\nhistological data of an UC/SCC patient with nivolumab therapy.\nResults: Overall, positive PD-L1 staining ranged between 4.8 and 61.9% for IC and 0 and 51.2% for TC depending\non the used antibody. There were no significant differences between UC/SCC and SCC. According to current FDA\nguidelines for example for first line therapy of urothelial cancer with pembrolizumab......................
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